A frequently discussed and debated matter among writers is critique partners. Where do you find a good one? What makes for a good one? How many do you need?
I think that when you first start writing for publication you definitely need some critique partners. I had been writing and reading extensively all my life, and I think I had a pretty good sense of word flow and story when I started writing for publication, but despite that, my writing was too wordy, I had too many scenes without conflict, my protagonists tended to be too passive... there are a slew of rules that beginners really really want to be aware of, because if you break them, you'd better have a reason.
It can be hard to find critique partners initially. I started at www.critiquecircle,com, which uses a point system to assure that people can't take without giving. The level of skill there was not so high as I would find later, but I definitely did learn from critiques I received there.
from there, I started to make more friends online and I started just putting out a call for critique partners when I had a finished manuscript. To keep my karma flowing, I also offered to read for friends when they put out a call, unless I was totally immersed in something. Sometimes this worked out to be an exchange, but there are some people I critique who did not critique me and vice versa.
I did get some wonderful help to sway. I also started to notice there are different basic type of critique partners.
--Some critique partners have mostly good things to say. They can help you find out what you've done right and give you confidence to proceed. They might be a little soft, but on the other hand, they might just be someone who legitimately loves your work and when they do give you a suggestion, it's on target. You will get a feel for which is which after a while.
--Some critique partners are dead honest, blunt, and even harsh. I know a lot of writers who swear by this kind of critique partner. If their ideas are on target they can be extremely helpful. On the other hand, however, they can crush your spirit. They sound so sure of their opinions that you might be inclined to believe them against your deeper instinct, and you might put aside or change a book that doesn't deserve it.
--Some critique partners are, of course, right in between!
Which is best? It depends on what you respond to, and the individual who gets your work. I quickly found that I do not like harsh honest critiques. Even if they do give some excellent advice, I don't like being torn up at a vulnerable point in a manuscript's life. I think these critiques run the risk of squelching my own vision. If they work for you, that's great, but sometimes I feel a little ashamed that I don't want a bluntly honest critique, and I want to let everyone know that you can write a good book without one.
Writers, especially when they first start soliciting critiques, are often confused about what to listen to in a critique. That's why I think at first it's a good idea to get a wide range. You'll get some critiques that are so ludicrous you'll know not to listen, and others that turn on a light bulb in your head. You'll see that people have a very wide range of opinions. You'll critique their work which is also educational. But when you learn the basic rules, you can narrow your pool. Even then, sometimes things are a little muddy.
I have noticed that many -- although by no means all -- writers who treat writing professionally have heard a lot of writing advice and sometimes they get overly nuts about it. Like they might tell you to get rid of every single adverb. Your editor probably would not tell you to go that far. Sometimes I think critiquers think less about whether a story is actually enjoyable and more about whether the rules are being followed. I've also noticed a tendency to ask for more explanation than is necessary. Not that you should necessarily dismiss the request for more explanation, but I have gotten a number of critiques that said stuff like, "But we are already on page 2 and I don't know what color your protagonists hair is! I need to know that! I need to know that right now!"
With all this said, when I wrote the last draft of Magic Under Glass, the one I sent to my now agent, I felt that it was strong. But I also felt obligated to ask for critiques. Like I would be a failure of a writer if I didn't. So I did. 4 or 5 people read it and some of them suggested fairly drastic changes. I started to get really worried that I had screwed it up again. But none of the suggestions made me feel excited to implement them. I just sent it out as I had written it. That version, pretty much straight from my brain, did get an agent. And a sale. And one moderate round of revisions before copyediting.
With the mermaid book, I went through the same agony. I felt like I would be lazy if I didn't ask for critiques. On the other hand, I really liked how the book was going, and I kind of didn't really *want* any opinions on it. I felt like I probably wasn't going to listen to them anyway. I was just going to collect them so I would have specifics to beat myself up about when I sent it off. So I decided to try skipping the critique part. The only person who has read the entire thing before I sent it to my editor was Dade. He almost never says anything critical about my work, but sometimes he does make improvement suggestions, and he helps me talk through parts when I am stuck. I'm still waiting to hear back from my editor and see how that experiment worked, but I mention it because it is often assumed that EVERYONE has critique partners.